Since Röntgen's discovery that X-rays
can identify bony structures, X-rays have
been developed for their use in medical
imaging. X-rays are especially useful
in the detection of pathology of the skeletal
system, but are also useful for detecting
some disease processes in soft tissue.
Other notable uses of X-rays
include:
X-ray crystallography in which the pattern
produced by the diffraction of X-rays
through the closely spaced lattice of
atoms in a crystal is recorded and then
analyzed to reveal the nature of that
lattice.
X-ray astronomy, which is an observational
branch of astronomy, which deals with
the study of X-ray emission from celestial
objects.
X-ray microscopic analysis, which uses
electromagnetic radiation in the soft
X-ray band to produce images of very small
objects.
X-ray fluorescence, a technique in which
X-rays are generated within a specimen
and detected. The outgoing energy of the
X-ray can be used to identify the composition
of the sample.